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सवाल: समुद्र में रहने वाले स्तनधारी जीव समुद्रीय खारा पानी कैसे पी पाते हैं?

जवाब: इस सवाल का जवाब खोजने के क्रम में हमें कुछ मूल बातें पता होनी चाहिए कि आखिर ये समुद्री स्तनधारी कौन-से हैं? खारे पानी के जीवन में इनके लिए किस तरह की चुनौतियाँ हैं और समुद्री स्तनधारी इनसे कैसे निपटते हैं?

समन्दर के स्तनधारी
सील, व्हेल, डॉल्फिन और पोलर बियर जैसे 129 अलग-अलग प्रजाति के जीवों का एक ऐसा समूह है जो अपने जीवन निर्वाह के लिए पूरी तरह या आंशिक रूप से समुद्री वातावरण पर आश्रित रहता है। हालाँकि अलग-अलग प्रजातियों की समुद्र पर निर्भरता अलग-अलग है जैसे व्हेल और डॉल्फिन पूरी तरह समुद्री वातावरण पर निर्भर होती हैं जबकि सील भोजन के लिए तो समुन्दर पर निर्भर है पर प्रजनन के लिए भूमि पर आती है।

वर्गीकरण की दृष्टि से इन्हें चार उप-समूहों में बाँटा जा सकता है:
1. सिटेशिअन - व्हेल, डॉल्फिन, पोरप्वाइस आदि।
2. पिनीपेड्स - सील, सी लायन और वॉलरस आदि।
3. सिरेनिअन्स - मैनेटीस, डगआँग आदि।
4. फिसीपेड्स - पोलर बिअर और ऑटर आदि।
सिटेशिअन और सिरेनिअन्स उप-समूह के जीव पूरी तरह से समुद्री वातावरण पर निर्भर करते हैं। वहीं पिनीपेड्स, आधे जलीय और आधे स्थलीय हैं। ये ज़्यादातर समय पानी में ही बिताते हैं पर प्रजनन के लिए ज़मीन पर आते हैं। पोलर बियर और ऑटर ज़्यादातर समय स्थल पर ही रहते हैं।

समुद्री पानी की समस्या
कभी समुन्दर का पानी पीकर देखिए तुरन्त ही उल्टियाँ होने लगेंगी। आखिर समुद्री पानी में ऐसा क्या है कि उसे पीने से ऐसा होने लगता है?
समुद्री पानी अत्यन्त खारा होता है। अगर हम समुद्री पानी पीते हैं तो नमक और पानी, दोनों ही कोशिकाओं में चले जाते हैं। मनुष्य बहुत सीमित मात्रा में ही नमक का पाचन और अवशोषण सुरक्षित तरीके से कर पाता है।

शरीर का रासायनिक सन्तुलन बनाए रखने के लिए सोडियम क्लोराइड (नमक) की एक निश्चित मात्रा की ज़रूरत होती है, वहीं ज़रूरत से अधिक सोडियम क्लोराइड जानलेवा हो सकता है। हमारी किडनी से उत्सर्जित होने वाले मूत्र में भी समुद्री पानी की तुलना में कम नमक होता है। ऐसे में अगर कभी आप समुन्दर का पानी पी लेते हैं तो उससे आपके शरीर में पहुँचने वाली नमक की अतिरिक्त मात्रा का निस्तारण करने के लिए काफी अधिक पानी पीना होगा। पानी की अधिक मात्रा समुन्दर के पानी में मिले नमक को घोलने का काम करेगी। और उससे अधिक मात्रा में पेशाब के ज़रिए पानी त्यागना होगा। ऐसे में आपको अधिक प्यास लगेगी। पानी की कमी आपकी जान के लिए खतरा भी बन सकती है।

हमारे गुर्दे (किडनी) नमक के 2% से अधिक सान्द्रता वाले घोल से मूत्र का निर्माण नहीं कर सकते यानी उसे घोलकर मूत्र के रूप में उत्सर्जित कर पाना इन्सानी गुर्दों के लिए सम्भव नहीं जबकि समुद्र के पानी में नमक का स्तर लगभग 3.5% यानी उससे काफी ज़्यादा होता है।
समुद्री स्तनधारियों की स्थिति
समुद्री स्तनधारियों के लिए भी पानी उतना ही महत्वपूर्ण है जितना हमारे लिए। अब सवाल यह है कि ये जीव अपनी पानी की ज़रूरत को कैसे पूरी करते होंगे। इन समुद्री जीवों के पास दो ही रास्ते बचते हैं - या तो ये अपने भोजन से पानी प्राप्त करें या समुन्दर के पानी से।
वैसे अगर हम देखें तो कई मामलों में इन जीवों की पानी की ज़रूरतें हमारी तुलना में कम होती हैं। हमें बहुत-सा पानी शरीर के ताप नियंत्रण में पसीने के रूप में इस्तेमाल करना पड़ता है, पर ये समुद्री स्तनधारी तो पानी में ही रहते हैं इसलिए इन्हें शरीर के ताप को नियंत्रित करने के लिए अतिरिक्त पानी की ज़रूरत ही नहीं है। कभी शरीर का ताप ज़्यादा लगा तो लगा ली एक लम्बी, गहरी डुबकी।

वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि सामान्यतया ये जीव समुन्दर के पानी को पीते ही नहीं। अगर हम इस बात की पड़ताल करें कि शरीर की अन्य महत्वपूर्ण क्रियाओं के लिए आवश्यक पानी की पूर्ति के लिए ये जीव क्या करते हैं तो पता चलता है कि इसकी आपूर्ति ये अपने शरीर के भीतर अपने भोजन से ही कर लेते हैं। सामान्यतया व्हेल और डॉल्फिन जिन मछलियों का सेवन करती हैं उनमें सबसे अधिक मात्रा कार्बोहाइड्रेट और वसा की होती है। उपापचय (मेटाबॉलिज़्म) के दौरान वसा और कार्बोहाइड्रेट के टूटने से पानी एक उप-उत्पाद के रूप में बनता है। इस पानी का इस्तेमाल ये स्तनधारी शारीरिक क्रियाओं के लिए करते हैं।

सी लायन पर कैलिफोर्निया में किया गया एक अध्ययन दर्शाता है कि ऐसे जीव जो अपने भोजन के रूप में सिर्फ समुद्री मछलियों पर आश्रित होते हैं उन्हें मीठे पानी की आवश्यकता ही नहीं।

समुद्री जीवों में परासरण की अहमियत
जीवों की शारीरिक कार्यप्रणाली तरल माध्यम में सम्पन्न होती है। कोशिकाएँ परासरण के ज़रिए द्रव्यों का आदान-प्रदान करती हैं। परासरण ऐसी रासायनिक प्रक्रिया है जिसमें एक पारदर्शी झिल्ली से द्रव्य अधिक सान्द्रता से कम सान्द्रता की ओर प्रवाहित होता है और यही प्रक्रिया उत्सर्जन का मूल है।

जैव कोशिकाओं में कोशिका भित्ति नहीं होती जो उनके आकार को एक -सा बनाए रख सके। इसके चलते अगर ये ऐसे वातावरण में हों जहाँ बाहर की सान्द्रता अधिक हो तो इन कोशिकाओं में लगातार पानी बढ़ता रहेगा तो ये फट सकती हैं, और उसी तरह अगर इनसे एक सीमा से अधिक पानी निकल जाए तो ये कुम्हला भी सकती हैं। इससे बचने के लिए ज़रूरी है कि कोशिका के भीतर और बाहर फैले द्रव के बीच सान्द्रता में बहुत अन्तर न होने पाए।

समुद्री जीवों को लगातार इस समस्या से जूझना पड़ता है। इसके लिए ज़रूरी है कि वे अपने शरीर के भीतर के द्रव की सान्द्रता बाहर के द्रव जैसी बनाकर रखें। इसके लिए जीव अलग-अलग उपाय अपनाते हैं। कुछ जीव भीतर की सान्द्रता को बाहर जितना ही स्थापित कर लेते हैं। वहीं कुछ जीवों के शरीर के लिए आन्तरिक अंगों की एक निश्चित सान्द्रता ज़रूरी होती है और यह समुन्दर के पानी से कम होती है। इसे लगातार एक-सा बनाए रखने के उन्हें अतिरिक्त प्रयास करने पड़ते हैं। इसका मतलब यह हुआ कि यह सम्भव तो है पर अधिक ऊर्जा खर्च करने की शर्त पर। यह ऊर्जा किडनी पर खर्च होती है।

समुद्री पानी का प्रबन्धन
ऐसा नहीं है कि पानी उनके शरीर के भीतर जाता ही नहीं। जब ये समुद्री स्तनधारी छोटे समुद्री जीवों को अपना भोजन बना रहे होते हैं तब थोड़ा समुद्री खारा पानी इनके शरीर में चला ही जाता है।
सभी समुद्री स्तनधारी मांसाहारी होते हैं। व्हेल्स, डॉल्फिन और सी लायन जैसे समुद्री स्तनधारियों द्वारा भोजन के रूप में ग्रहण किए गए समुद्री जीवों के शरीर में समुन्दर के स्तर का नमक वाला पानी भी होता है। ऐसे में यह बड़ा महत्वपूर्ण सवाल बन जाता है कि ये जीव इस अतिरिक्त नमक का प्रबन्धन कैसे करते हैं।

स्तनधारी जीवों में पानी और नमक का प्रबन्धन किडनी में दो चरणों में होता है। पहले चरण में खून किडनी के माइक्रोफिल्टर कहे जाने वाले ग्लोमेरुलस से गुज़रता है। यहाँ खून के प्लाज़्मा से पानी और नमक के ज़्यादातर कण छान लिए जाते हैं जबकि बड़े कण जैसे रुधिर कोशिकाएँ वापस भेज दी जाती हैं। छना हुआ प्लाज़्मा जिसमें पानी और नमक शामिल हैं एक लम्बी फनल से होकर गुज़रता है जिसे हेनले लूप कहते हैं। यह प्लाज़्मा में बचे हुए पानी के पुन: अवशोषण की सुविधा उपलब्ध करवाती है। इस तरह वे खारे समुद्री पानी का सही तरह प्रबन्धन और निस्तारण कर पाते हैं।


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  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_search (Search (Top)) (56B) (115μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_search (Search (Top)) (944B) (49μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_search (Search (Top)) (720B) (5μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_search (Search (Top)) (1.23KB) (96μs)
  • afterRender (303.33KB) (5.53ms)
  • 1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu () (1.99MB) (27.98%)
    68.49ms
    1 x afterRenderComponent com_content (675.6KB) (16.37%)
    40.08ms
    1 x afterInitialise (1.31MB) (12.56%)
    30.74ms
    1 x afterRoute (3.17MB) (6.81%)
    16.68ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_jfilters_filters (JFilters Filters) (253.09KB) (6.14%)
    15.03ms
    1 x After Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (3.54MB) (4.68%)
    11.46ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu () (1.13MB) (3.75%)
    9.18ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (Articles) (34.61KB) (3.7%)
    9.06ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_finder (search 22) (241.79KB) (2.49%)
    6.09ms
    1 x afterRender (303.33KB) (2.26%)
    5.53ms
    1 x afterLoad (541.98KB) (2.05%)
    5.01ms
    1 x beforeRenderComponent com_content (73.16KB) (1.32%)
    3.24ms
    1 x Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (54.08KB) (1.12%)
    2.73ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu () (26.45KB) (1.05%)
    2.58ms
    1 x After Access::preloadComponents (all components) (119.27KB) (0.73%)
    1.78ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_related_items (Related Articles) (16.7KB) (0.64%)
    1.58ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_breadcrumbs (Breadcrumb) (14.52KB) (0.44%)
    1.09ms
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (More) (19.64KB) (0.39%)
    957μs
    1 x Before Access::preloadComponents (all components) (34.19KB) (0.38%)
    930μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu (More) (12.94KB) (0.38%)
    918μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Eklavya) (53.14KB) (0.35%)
    857μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_articles_category (Articles) (25.95KB) (0.34%)
    835μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu (Eklavya) (12.05KB) (0.32%)
    787μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu (Books) (12.18KB) (0.3%)
    735μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu (Magazine) (12.3KB) (0.28%)
    692μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_related_items (Related Articles) (8.75KB) (0.25%)
    610μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Gallery) (13.38KB) (0.19%)
    457μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Search test Menu in content top) (15.65KB) (0.18%)
    441μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Books) (26.94KB) (0.17%)
    423μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (More) (12.04KB) (0.16%)
    403μs
    1 x afterDispatch (2.28KB) (0.14%)
    351μs
    1 x Before Access::getAssetRules (id:1267 name:com_content.article.985) (258.8KB) (0.11%)
    267μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Magazine) (21.47KB) (0.11%)
    267μs
    1 x After Access::getAssetRules (id:1267 name:com_content.article.985) (8.47KB) (0.1%)
    254μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_jfilters_filters (JFilters Filters) (1.23KB) (0.1%)
    247μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_finder (search 22) (1.23KB) (0.08%)
    198μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu () (65.22KB) (0.08%)
    190μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu () (26.88KB) (0.08%)
    185μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu () (26.27KB) (0.06%)
    158μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_search (Search module) (2.59KB) (0.06%)
    138μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_breadcrumbs (Breadcrumb) (1.21KB) (0.05%)
    127μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_search (Search (Top)) (56B) (0.05%)
    115μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_search (Search module) (1.26KB) (0.04%)
    104μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_search (Search module) (8.53KB) (0.04%)
    98μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_search (Search (Top)) (1.23KB) (0.04%)
    96μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Eklavya) (32B) (0.04%)
    95μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu (Gallery) (2.98KB) (0.04%)
    92μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu (Search test Menu in content top) (12.23KB) (0.04%)
    86μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_related_items (Related Articles) (1.89KB) (0.03%)
    81μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu () (1.64KB) (0.03%)
    70μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu () (24.38KB) (0.03%)
    70μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Gallery) (16B) (0.03%)
    67μs
    1 x After Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (6.95KB) (0.03%)
    65μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Books) (32B) (0.02%)
    59μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_breadcrumbs (Breadcrumb) (2.41KB) (0.02%)
    58μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu () (24.48KB) (0.02%)
    56μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Magazine) (32B) (0.02%)
    49μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_search (Search (Top)) (944B) (0.02%)
    49μs
    1 x Before Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (4.16KB) (0.02%)
    48μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (Articles) (7.7KB) (0.02%)
    43μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_jfilters_filters (JFilters Filters) (672B) (0.02%)
    38μs
    3 x beforeRenderModule mod_menu () (696B) (0.02%)
    37μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_finder (search 22) (352B) (0.01%)
    33μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Search test Menu in content top) (1.95KB) (0.01%)
    30μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_finder (search 22) (720B) (0.01%)
    15μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_jfilters_filters (JFilters Filters) (736B) (0.01%)
    15μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_articles_category (Articles) (704B) (0.01%)
    14μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Eklavya) (704B) (0%)
    12μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_related_items (Related Articles) (704B) (0%)
    10μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_breadcrumbs (Breadcrumb) (704B) (0%)
    9μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Gallery) (704B) (0%)
    7μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_menu (More) (704B) (0%)
    7μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Search test Menu in content top) (736B) (0%)
    6μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Books) (704B) (0%)
    6μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_search (Search module) (720B) (0%)
    5μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_search (Search (Top)) (720B) (0%)
    5μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Magazine) (704B) (0%)
    4μs
143 statements were executed, 3 of which were duplicates, 140 unique72.14ms3.6MB
  • SELECT @@SESSION.sql_mode;200μs1.57KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:334Copy
  • SELECT `data` FROM `j4_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?221μs1.61KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:261Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `j4_session` WHERE `session_id` = :session_id LIMIT 1133μs1.61KBParams/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:187Copy
  • INSERT INTO `j4_session` (`session_id`,`guest`,`time`,`userid`,`username`,`client_id`) VALUES (:session_id, :guest, :time, :user_id, :username, :client_id)323μs944BParams/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:260Copy
  • SELECT `extension_id` AS `id`,`element` AS `option`,`params`,`enabled` FROM `j4_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'component' AND `state` = 0 AND `enabled` = 1691μs2.36KB/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:399Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`rules` FROM `j4_viewlevels`239μs976B/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:955Copy
  • SELECT `b`.`id` FROM `j4_usergroups` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `j4_usergroups` AS `b` ON `b`.`lft` <= `a`.`lft` AND `b`.`rgt` >= `a`.`rgt` WHERE `a`.`id` = :guest391μs1.63KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:868Copy
  • SELECT `folder` AS `type`,`element` AS `name`,`params` AS `params`,`extension_id` AS `id` FROM `j4_extensions` WHERE `enabled` = 1 AND `type` = 'plugin' AND `state` IN (0,1) AND `access` IN (:preparedArray1) ORDER BY `ordering`1.17ms4.27KBParams/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:294Copy
  • SELECT * FROM j4_rsform_config215μs2.56KB/administrator/components/com_rsform/helpers/config.php:52Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`menutype`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`alias`,`m`.`note`,`m`.`link`,`m`.`type`,`m`.`level`,`m`.`language`,`m`.`browserNav`,`m`.`access`,`m`.`params`,`m`.`home`,`m`.`img`,`m`.`template_style_id`,`m`.`component_id`,`m`.`parent_id`,`m`.`path` AS `route`,`e`.`element` AS `component` FROM `j4_menu` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `j4_extensions` AS `e` ON `m`.`component_id` = `e`.`extension_id` WHERE ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `m`.`parent_id` > 0 AND `m`.`client_id` = 0) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :currentDate1)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :currentDate2) ORDER BY `m`.`lft`1.94ms167.05KBParams/libraries/src/Menu/SiteMenu.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `j4_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `j4_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`6.76ms2.15MBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `j4_languages` WHERE `published` = 1 ORDER BY `ordering` ASC290μs2.22KB/libraries/src/Language/LanguageHelper.php:142Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`home`,`template`,`s`.`params`,`inheritable`,`parent` FROM `j4_template_styles` AS `s` LEFT JOIN `j4_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `s`.`template` AND `e`.`type` = 'template' AND `e`.`client_id` = `s`.`client_id` WHERE `s`.`client_id` = 0 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1392μs1.14KB/administrator/components/com_templates/src/Model/StyleModel.php:773Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `j4_assets` WHERE `name` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7,:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9,:preparedArray10,:preparedArray11,:preparedArray12,:preparedArray13,:preparedArray14,:preparedArray15,:preparedArray16,:preparedArray17,:preparedArray18,:preparedArray19,:preparedArray20,:preparedArray21,:preparedArray22,:preparedArray23,:preparedArray24,:preparedArray25,:preparedArray26,:preparedArray27,:preparedArray28,:preparedArray29,:preparedArray30,:preparedArray31,:preparedArray32,:preparedArray33,:preparedArray34,:preparedArray35,:preparedArray36,:preparedArray37,:preparedArray38,:preparedArray39,:preparedArray40,:preparedArray41,:preparedArray42,:preparedArray43,:preparedArray44,:preparedArray45,:preparedArray46,:preparedArray47)1.17ms8.12KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:357Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `j4_assets` WHERE `name` LIKE :asset OR `name` = :extension OR `parent_id` = 05.48ms345.8KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:301Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `j4_content`2.12ms2.39KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:625Copy
  • UPDATE `j4_content` SET `hits` = (`hits` + 1) WHERE `id` = '985'2.84ms2.55KB/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:1325Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `j4_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `j4_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `j4_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `j4_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `j4_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `j4_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`state` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)1.09ms48.62KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `j4_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `j4_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`3.62ms45.19KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `j4_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `j4_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1)804μs5.2KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `j4_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `j4_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`4.74ms45.19KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM j4_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `j4_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN j4_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN j4_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN j4_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN j4_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `j4_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray6)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray7)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform ORDER BY a.ordering ASC1.16ms6.06KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `j4_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `j4_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`3.44ms45.19KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params,am.params AS extra, 0 AS menuid, m.publish_up, m.publish_down FROM j4_modules AS m LEFT JOIN j4_extensions AS e ON e.element = m.module AND e.client_id = m.client_id LEFT JOIN j4_advancedmodules as am ON am.module_id = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND e.enabled = 1 AND m.client_id = 0 ORDER BY m.position, m.ordering1.09ms50.67KB/plugins/system/advancedmodules/src/Helper.php:191Copy
  • SELECT m.condition_id,m.item_id FROM j4_conditions_map as m LEFT JOIN j4_conditions as c ON c.id = m.condition_id WHERE `m`.`extension` = 'com_advancedmodules' AND `c`.`published` = 1564μs1.75KB/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/ItemModel.php:821Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `j4_conditions`1.17ms2.08KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:625Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `j4_conditions` WHERE `id` = '14'329μs2.06KB/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:755Copy
  • SELECT * FROM j4_conditions_groups as g WHERE g.condition_id = 14360μs1KB/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/ItemModel.php:1034Copy
  • SELECT * FROM j4_conditions_rules as r WHERE r.group_id = 14308μs1.13KB/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/GroupModel.php:108Copy
  • SELECT m.extension,m.item_id,m.table,m.name_column FROM j4_conditions_map as m WHERE m.condition_id = 14 ORDER BY m.extension,m.item_id253μs1KB/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/ItemModel.php:907Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`title` AS `value` FROM `j4_modules`276μs3.38KB/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Helper/Helper.php:184Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `j4_modules`1.03ms2.2KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:625Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`published` AS `value` FROM `j4_modules`240μs14.38KB/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Helper/Helper.php:184Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `j4_conditions` WHERE `id` = '15'354μs2.06KB/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:755Copy
  • SELECT * FROM j4_conditions_groups as g WHERE g.condition_id = 15407μs1008B/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/ItemModel.php:1034Copy
  • SELECT m.extension,m.item_id,m.table,m.name_column FROM j4_conditions_map as m WHERE m.condition_id = 15 ORDER BY m.extension,m.item_id273μs1KB/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/ItemModel.php:907Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `j4_conditions` WHERE `id` = '16'336μs2.06KB/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:755Copy
  • SELECT * FROM j4_conditions_groups as g WHERE g.condition_id = 16191μs1008B/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/ItemModel.php:1034Copy
  • SELECT m.extension,m.item_id,m.table,m.name_column FROM j4_conditions_map as m WHERE m.condition_id = 16 ORDER BY m.extension,m.item_id269μs1KB/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/ItemModel.php:907Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `j4_conditions` WHERE `id` = '18'205μs2.06KB/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:755Copy
  • SELECT * FROM j4_conditions_groups as g WHERE g.condition_id = 18209μs1008B/administrator/components/com_conditions/src/Model/ItemModel.php:1034Copy
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